China

Launched in August 2011, Chinese dating app Momo was one of the first location-based mobile apps in China. Like its American counterparts, the app allows members to upload personal information and photos, then locates the positions of other users in the area. And, again like its American counterparts,  Momo is plagued with a reputation for being a service for one night stands. Though Beijing Momo Technology Co. claims the app's purpose is to assist users in making friends and broadening their social networks, its salacious reputation just won't go away.

Despite being thought of as “a magical tool to get laid,” BMT is now working with banks including Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse Group AG for the IPO in US, which Wall Street Journal reports is likely to happen later this year. According to WSJ, Momo was recently valued at around $1.2 billion in private fundraising. An earlier fundraising 1 1/2 years ago put Momo’s market value at just $500 million. The app seems to be on the right track, whatever reputation it has.

People's Park in Shanghai, China has become something of a legend.

What appears at first glance to be a flea market is in fact something much more unusual: a marriage market. Ageing parents crowd the walkways, examining personal ads, meeting with matchmakers, and hoping to find partners for their unwed children.

There is, of course, another way to find a spouse in 21st century China - a much more familiar one. Online dating has exploded in China, and is expected to break two billion RMB ($318 million USD) in total annual revenue by 2014. Online dating promises to revolutionize the way singles in China meet, and modernize the way China regards relationships.

The primary players in China's online dating scene - Jiayuan, Zhenai, and Baihe - all advertise specifically as marriage websites. The mean age of marriage is rising in the country, but marriage is still nearly universal and competition for partners is fiercer than ever.

Eligible partners are expected to have similar educational backgrounds and economic standing. Age and height are also importance considerations, as is residency. Those who hold a residency permit in a top-tier city have access to public services and employment opportunities that others do not, making them extremely desirable as spouses. Men are also expected to own a car and hold the deed to an apartment.

Thanks to China's infamous One-child Policy, it's becoming increasingly difficult for city dwellers to meet and marry. Fewer children means fewer potential partners. It means more parental attention focused on each child, and the pressure to perform well in school and at work that comes along with it. And it means fewer opportunities for children to socialize and develop their interpersonal skills.

Add all that up and you get a very competitive dating market, one that is well suited to the modern marvel of online dating. Chinese men and women, who are expected to be hugely successful educationally and professionally, have little time left for relationships. Online dating offers the perfect platform for stressed, overworked Chinese singles to connect.

Like any online dating site, the profiles of sites like Jiayuan, Zhenai, and Baihe provide snapshots of users' lives. In China, however, profiles focus on key screening criteria - like height, weight, monthly income, education level, marital history, and home ownership - instead of less the quantifiable characteristics like interests and personality that are commonplace on Western dating sites.

But as the online dating market explodes for entrepreneurs in China, all of whom are hoping to take advantage of the tremendous opportunities in the industry, major social change is coming along with it. Single men and women in China now have more freedom to choose exactly where, how, and when they find partners, allowing their decisions to be based on love rather than external factors.

For a list of dating sites with Chinese singles you can check out our Asian Dating category.

China is the new frontier for online dating. It is the fastest growing market place with millions of new singles joining dating services every month. In under 2 years (by 2014) it is expected that China’s online dating market will double its 2011 value to 2.02 billion Yuan. This works out to more than $317 million US dollars.

In 2010 a survey by China’s government found that of China’s 1.3 billion citizens, about 14 percent of them, or 180 million are single. For comparison in 2008 it was reported that the USA with its 300 million plus population had 93 million single people. Percentage wise this works out to about 30 percent which is twice the amount of singles as reported in China. With the China survey no break down by gender was mentioned but educated and self-sufficient single women are on the rise. A new phrase has been coined which appears in the China’s official dictionary. The phrase is Sheng Nu which means Unwanted Girls in English and is defined as all single woman over the age of 27.

The current top 3 dating sites in China are (based on their membership claims):

• Zhenai.com – 63 million users
• Baihe.com – 40 million users
• Jiayuan.com – 39 million users

For a list of dating sites that cater to Asian singles in North America and Europe you can check out our Ethnic dating category.

The pressure's on for singles in Shanghai. The Chinese capital's fertility rate has dropped to just 0.79 children per woman, and now the city is desperate to encourage more young people to meet, marry, and raise a family.

The center of the city's dating scene is Shanghai Expo Park, where thousands of eligible young men and women gather in hopes of meeting their matches. 38,000 singles and parents attended a June 1st matchmaking event in the park, hoping to revive a marriage rate that is expected to fall 17% this year.

Shanghai is China's richest city, largest port, and a leading financial center in the country. It is also the center of waves of social changes that are sweeping the nation. An urban shift is shrinking the pool of factory workers who sustain economic growth in the country, while the ranks of the elderly - who increase healthcare and pension costs - are on the rise. City-dwelling citizens with higher education levels and a greater focus on their careers are marrying later and having fewer children, causing the Shanghai birth rate to drop to half the national level.

These shifts have caused major changes for Chinese women, who have become a larger, and increasingly educated, percentage of the population. "In the past, women were match-made by their parents," says Juemin Zhou, director of the Shanghai Matchmaking Trade Association. "Then, it didn't matter how old you were, or if your partner was blind in one eye, you still had to get married. Now, if you don't find someone suitable, you just don't settle."

Gong Haiyan, co-chief executive officer of Jiayuan.com, China's largest online dating agency, reports that women's expectations of potential partners - like owning a house - have now skyrocketed. "The first thing they look for," said Hansen Huang, a male attendee at the matchmaking fair, "is if you have a decent job, what is your salary like, if you have an apartment. Women are looking for a partner who can provide so they can live relatively comfortably."

In spite of these shifts, many Chinese citizens remain traditional. A young bride is still considered ideal, and women who wait too long to settle down many be considered "leftovers." "Women can be very picky when they're young," said Huang. "But if you don't sell when it commands the highest value, you may miss the golden opportunity."

The pressure to wed may be high, but Shanghai is doing its best to respond: about 2,000 couples were successfully matched at last year's event, a figure that bodes well for this year's fair.

China's leading dating site, Jiayuan.com has roughly a million users a month now who pay for the privilege to exchange messages with other members. The messages can be paid for by either the sender or the receiver. Their second quarter earnings this year almost doubled to $12.9 million when compared to the same quarter last year. Jiayuan listed on the Nasdaq back in May and since then their stock price has jumped 21 percent (as of last Friday). This is very good especially when you compare it to other Nasdaq listed Internet companies from China (most have fallen).

Jiayuan never relied heavily on advertising on their site as a source of income. In 2008 advertising made up only 15 percent of their revenue. Online advertising is a very competitive market with slim margins and for this reason at the start of this year Jiayuan decided to drop advertising from their dating site completely. Supporting a sales staff and the way it affected the user experience just did not make it profitable. Paid messaging now accounts for 80 percent of their revenue with the other 20 percent generated from in-person events and a premium service members can use to hire a human matchmaker.

For more on the story you can read the WSJ.

According to a Times article, matchmakers in China have seen an increase in clients ever since the economy started its downturn last year. With the job market frozen in China many young college graduates are not finding any work and are experiencing financial difficulties because of the huge debt of going to school. It is estimated that only 35 percent of the 6.1 million students who graduate this year will find a job. Many young woman are using marriage as a means to ease the financial burden.

Unlike online dating, the matchmaking industry mediates dating through a broker. People who want to find a spouse register at a given agency, and the broker will pick and arrange their dates based on their requirements. The first date usually takes place at the office of the matchmaking business.

Marriage is very important to the Chinese and it is seen almost as a compulsory step for woman. As woman grow older the pressure increases not only though family but friends and the media as well. Many parents agree with their college grad daughters in getting married when work is not found. Some parents will even go out and hand pick the man for them to marry.

New Chinese dating sites like Xiaoyuanlove.com (which means Love on Campus) have seen their member numbers swell. While online dating is not as popular as a personal matchmaking services in China, things are changing fast.

Visit Time for the complete story about Matchmakers in China.